Liz is playing stroke, and her ball is at rest on the putting green.
She has marked and lifted her ball and when replacing it she presses it slightly into the surface for it to remain at rest in the windy conditions.
Even if Liz reinstates the original conditions before making a stroke, she cannot avoid the 2-stroke penalty.        [REF: 4S1488]

Playing stroke, Greg's ball has come to rest on the fringe of the putting green.
Attached to his ball is a small leaf. Greg carefully removes the leaf ensuring his ball does not move.
Greg gets a 1-stroke penalty for not marking the position of his ball first.     [REF: 4S1512]

Playing stroke, Jill's stroke from on the putting green accidentally strikes the removed flagstick that is lying on the putting green.
Her ball has come to rest fairly close to the hole.
Jill replays the stroke and then holes out with 2 more putts.
There is no penalty.      [REF: 4S1513]

Playing stroke, David's ball, played from the general area, is deliberately deflected by Greg whilst it is still in motion.
David estimates his ball would have come to rest on the putting green.
Without penalty, David must place the original ball on the spot where he estimates it would have come to rest without any deflection.        [REF: 4S1456]

David and Greg are both on the putting green where David has marked and lifted his ball.
Greg's very errant putt looks like it might strike a player's glove that has been accidentally left on the putting green.
Whilst Greg's ball is in motion, Greg instructs David to lift the the glove to prevent any interference, which he duly does.
If David had not lifted the glove, Greg's ball would have most likely struck the glove.
Both players get a 2-stroke penalty.      [REF: 4S1532]

Liz's ball has come to rest (in the general area) against a course water controller.
She decides to take free relief from this obstruction.
Liz must mark her ball before taking relief, but does not have to use that ball for the dropping process.  [REF: 4S1540]